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Manned Hypersonic Aircraft: A Speculative Analysis
#31
(10-04-2025, 04:31 PM)Avicula Wrote: I think it has a lot to do with putting the money in the programs that would yield the greatest benefit. We had speed licked fairly early on and have had to wait for materials and manufacturing to experience their own technological breakthroughs to get us to that next level. As I understand it, a major factor in Lockheed’s latest fast mover (I guess they’re going with “SR-72”) was their ability to literally print some of the more complex internal geometries that allow them to finally put some older theoretical propulsion concepts to the test. And apparently it has paid off. 

Same goes for the stuff available to do the manufacturing and the materials that actually go into the bits and bobs. Just like when they were designing the A-12…They KNEW Titanium alloys were the key. They just hadn’t invented the processes that made those pieces possible. I’d imagine that there have been some incredible leaps forward in recent years with graphene and ceramics that allow the really smart people build the stuff that can tolerate the unbelievable surface temperatures a hypersonic airplane has to endure for loooooong periods of time. 

They COULD have stayed in that lane and certainly would have made some incredible progress had they done so, but once people saw what Ufimtsev’s ideas could do in the real world, the decision was made to pursue stealth as the primary focus. And since stealth and fast don’t typically go together, as one more or less negates the other, speed took a back seat. 

While it is purely speculation on my part, I suspect that considerable progress has been made in the union of speed with low observability in aircraft. I wouldn’t be surprised to learn one day that someone found their way into the basement and dusted off some old work that had to be shelved and found a way to make it work. For instance…All of the chest beating about hypersonic missiles. One only need look at something like Nike Sprint to realize that the primary reason we don’t currently HAVE a system like that is because we found better ways to accomplish the same end goals. We did 0 to Mach 10 in five seconds over half a century ago. Dreamed it up, designed it, built it, tested it, fielded it, then decided “nah. We don’t NEED that…” 

Same for Projects Isinglass and Rhineberry. Both of those are nearly 60 years ago now. 

We have done speed before, and we did it well. Now it looks like perhaps speed will again be a priority in some instances and if that’s the case, it will be done and it will be done well. My only gripe is that most of us will never get to see the end result.

They’re still trying to catch up in some areas. They’ve had serious issues with TBCC integration and operation, and even with basic scramjets. The engines have always been a sticking point for speed. A close second has been skin cooling. One of the fun new barriers was eight minutes. They had several tests that at eight minutes the airframe had lost so much skin the computers could no longer keep control.
#32
Great thread, thanks for posting.

I'm a bit confused about the open architecture definitions or what the implications would be - can anyone recommend good articles on the subject?

I used to map out fighter jet electronics and cabling for BAe (basically connecting everything together using the shortest possibe distances but routing them all in a way so maintinance was easy and could be performed in easilly accesible arreas of the airframe) and this open architecture sounds like a more advanced version of that allowing for the jet to rapidly be fitted with custom tech for each specific mission.

AFAIK everything US/UK based next gen jets were being built/designed so they could easilly interact with all other tech like drones and other manned/unmanned air based tech to have total air superiority (there's a specific term/acronym used for this superiority/objtive but I can't quite remember it at the moment).

There were rumblings of some form of self healing tech for next gen jets using 3D printing or some form of nanotech but it all sounded far too sci-fi and was only part of initial design objectives a decade ago and probably been dropped as impractical/impossible.
#33
Think things got interesting when CAD packages began using organic structural features.This is from 4 years ago but go back a lot longer.
Exercise 27: How to make 'Leaf Pattern on Ring' in Solidworks 2018

Also additive manufacturing process like 3D printing in metals and other exotic materials like ceramics helped.
#34
“There are no solutions. Only tradeoffs.” 
 ~ Dr. Thomas Sowell


Sowell was discussing economic theory, but I’d argue what he said is a universal truth. 

We can go fast, but that has penalties like heat and fuel consumption. So we can address those by making the airplane larger to carry more fuel, but that adds weight which will require more power to reach the same target speed. Then we can address much of the heat issues by flying higher…but the air gets too thin so we have to have larger intakes which leads to more drag which increases the heat… I’m grossly oversimplifying the point, but, as I can see, that is essentially how it goes. 

Using the A-12 again as an example, making the jump from Aluminum to Titanium to the degree that Lockheed did was a big, but fairly easy (ha ha) step that led to incredible improvements in performance in a relatively short time span. The problem now (one of them, at least), is that even with all of the amazing technology we have managed to pull together in the last 50-60 years, in order for us to see even a slight improvement in performance, we are going to have to make increasingly bigger and more complex leaps forward in the complexity of design and manufacture. There likely will never be another “Oh…we can just make that out of Titanium and the problem is solved” moment in aviation. At least not in our lifetimes…

I think once we get the heat dissipation problem sorted, a LOT of stuff that’s been shelved simply because the technology hadn’t caught up yet will be revisited. Like Zaphod said above, that 8 minute threshold has been a sticking point. We COULD approach that problem all sorts of ways, but then we’re back to tradeoffs. Unless we dust off the X-20 concept and start incorporating rockets into these things again, at least in the initial boost/acceleration phase of the flight, progress will come, certainly, but at a snails pace.
#35
Its all problem solving.
When they started working Titanium Lockheed had to create "all" their own drill bits and tooling to work it.
Now with additive 3D printing they can muck around with composite/ceramic/metal compounds till they get the correct skin material that will last longer than 8 minutes.It just takes the one guy with the right formulae.
Material science is where the fun is at.
#36
Picture looks like something out of a sci-fi movie.  doesn't look like it could carry much in the line of bombs or rockets though.
#37
(10-05-2025, 09:51 PM)rickymouse Wrote: Picture looks like something out of a sci-fi movie.  doesn't look like it could carry much in the line of bombs or rockets though.

It looks a lot like the “Darkstar” from Top Gun II (which I still haven’t seen). Lockheed Martin actually helped design it for the movie. That’s the one that the Chinese were so spooked by (allegedly) that they repositioned a satellite to get a better look at it. IF that story is true, I bet they were rather peeved once they realized it was not what they thought it was. Moving satellites like that is no small matter. 

My inner conspiracy theorist still thinks (or wants to believe) that the movie prop is actually a ground test article for a very real Lockheed ADP project and using it for something as conspicuous as a Hollywood blockbuster was the biggest “wink and a nod” reveal in aviation history. Nothing beats hiding in plain (plane?) sight! Either way, real or not, that thing is gorgeous. There aren’t many airplanes that look like they’re breaking the sound barrier when they’re parked.
#38
(10-12-2025, 05:54 AM)Avicula Wrote: It’s got just enough space for a couple of sharks with frickin’ laser beams attached to their heads. 

Anduril is currently designing a lower cost/attritable version. It’s pretty much the same thing, only they use ill-tempered Sea Bass. 
#39
(10-12-2025, 05:54 AM)Avicula Wrote: It looks a lot like the “Darkstar” from Top Gun II (which I still haven’t seen). Lockheed Martin actually helped design it for the movie. That’s the one that the Chinese were so spooked by (allegedly) that they repositioned a satellite to get a better look at it. IF that story is true, I bet they were rather peeved once they realized it was not what they thought it was. Moving satellites like that is no small matter. 

My inner conspiracy theorist still thinks (or wants to believe) that the movie prop is actually a ground test article for a very real Lockheed ADP project and using it for something as conspicuous as a Hollywood blockbuster was the biggest “wink and a nod” reveal in aviation history. Nothing beats hiding in plain (plane?) sight! Either way, real or not, that thing is gorgeous. There aren’t many airplanes that look like they’re breaking the sound barrier when they’re parked.

They used real world Hypersonic design principles for Darkstar.Why it was so realistic.Most likely its a real world paper design but due to materials or engine maturity its not quite there yet.
#40
(10-12-2025, 06:41 AM)Blackfingers Wrote: They used real world Hypersonic design principles for Darkstar.Why it was so realistic.Most likely it’s a real world paper design but due to materials or engine maturity it’s not quite there yet.

That’s the best part… The people who spend their days anctialy inventing the bleeding edge of aerospace design and engineering were the same bunch who cooked that thing up. That’s why a little teensy little piece of my subconscious really wants to believe that it IS a little more than just a prop. 

Boeing can keep their vague computer generated renders and their silly little vapor clouds!



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