05-06-2024, 12:19 PM
https://newatlas.com/biology/life-merger...organelle/
The phenomenon is known as primary endosymbiosis and it happens when a microbial organism engulfs another one providing it with energy, nutrients, protection, and in return it gains a function or functions that it didn't previously have. This is the leading evolutionary theory on how eukaryotic cells have come to exist from prokaryotes.
The first time primary endosymbiosis happened around 2.2 billion years ago it resulted in the creation of mitochondria, the power source of a cell. An archaea (procaryotic cell) permanently enslaved a purple non-suphur bacterium from the class of alpha-protobacteria becoming an integral part (organelle) of the cell.
The second time this happened around 1.6 billion years ago one of these evolved cells captured a photosynthetic bacterium known as cyanobacterium which later became what we now know as a chloroplast, an organelle that plant cells have. Very important for the process of photosynthesis as it happens in chloroplasts.
From the two very rare but extremely important mergers we had the creation of all complex life forms and from the second one the creation of plants.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1634775/
Quote:Scientists have caught a once-in-a-billion-years evolutionary event in progress, as two lifeforms have merged into one organism that boasts abilities its peers would envy. Last time this happened, Earth got plants.
A species of algae called Braarudosphaera bigelowii was found to have engulfed a cyanobacterium that lets them do something that algae, and plants in general, can’t normally do – "fixing" nitrogen straight from the air, and combining it with other elements to create more useful compounds.
The phenomenon is known as primary endosymbiosis and it happens when a microbial organism engulfs another one providing it with energy, nutrients, protection, and in return it gains a function or functions that it didn't previously have. This is the leading evolutionary theory on how eukaryotic cells have come to exist from prokaryotes.
The first time primary endosymbiosis happened around 2.2 billion years ago it resulted in the creation of mitochondria, the power source of a cell. An archaea (procaryotic cell) permanently enslaved a purple non-suphur bacterium from the class of alpha-protobacteria becoming an integral part (organelle) of the cell.
The second time this happened around 1.6 billion years ago one of these evolved cells captured a photosynthetic bacterium known as cyanobacterium which later became what we now know as a chloroplast, an organelle that plant cells have. Very important for the process of photosynthesis as it happens in chloroplasts.
From the two very rare but extremely important mergers we had the creation of all complex life forms and from the second one the creation of plants.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1634775/
